近代英国国家建构视域中的都铎宗教改革

The Tudor Reformation in the View of State-Building of Modern England

在英国宗教改革中,都铎君主在国家和社会两个层面上采取了分而治之的政策:国家层面坚持毫不动摇的国家立场,树立国家主权和公民身份;社会层面尊重臣民宗教习惯,包容社会多元宗教倾向。同时,这种分而治之的政策不是绝对的、消极的,都铎通过将主教制度国家化,向民众大力灌输王权至尊思想,将国教塑造成为专制君主统治的思想和制度工具。由此,都铎不仅完成了教会民族化的任务,而且避免了宗教动荡,更通过吸收中世纪神学及教会体制强化了国家统治的合法性。作为现代化的先驱,都铎更倾向于用社会而不是政治的方式建构他们的国家。

Tudors adopted different policies for political and religion questions to consolidate the state power appeared during the Reformation.They firmly erected the sovereignty and citizenhood for modern England and for the peace of the Tudor state,they tolerated different religions if only the subjects obeyed the state and tolerant Anglican.However,Tudor＇s policies are not passive and absolute,because the bishops who had been nationalized were commanded to propagandize Regalism.So,Tudors not only accomplished the Reformation peacefully,but also strengthened the legitimacy of the new state power by absorbing the traditional theology and Episcopacy.As the forerunners of modernization,Tudors preferred building their state more with social than political way.