小麦异源(黑麦)重组系杂交组合主要农艺性状优势及相关分析

Analysis of Heterosis and Correlation of Major Agronomic Characters of the Crosses from Wheat-Rye Recombinant

利用小麦异源（黑麦）重组系异源2号为父本与115个品种（系）组配杂交组合，对其主要农艺性状进行了杂种优势及相关分析。结果表明，异源2号杂交组合农艺性状优势普遍存在，利用异源2子筛选农艺性状优良、产量高的杂交组合是可能的。杂交组合F1的抽穗期、株高、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重等性状表现在一定程度上可根据母本值进行推测，而亲本及杂交组合F1中，均以穗粒数对穗粒重的直接作用最大，千粒重次之，二者的协调是提高穗粒重的关键，因此，本研究认为，在异源2号杂交组合F1穗粒数容易达到较高水平（70粒／穗以上）的情况下，更应注重F1千粒重的提商，以使二者协调，共同提高穗粒重，达到增产目的。

A wheat-rye recombinant, Yiyuan 2 was crossed with 115 varieties or lines. The heterosis for major agronomic characters were analyzed. The results showed that heterosis inthe crosses of Yiyuan 2 existed extensively. It was possible to select out hybrid varieties with strong heterosis from Yiyuan 2 crosses. The expression of F1 hybrids' agronomic characters, such as heading date, plant height, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight per spike, could be inferred from their female parent to some degree. Within both FI hybrids and their parents, grain number per spike has the greatest direct effect on grain weight per spike, and the effect of 1000 grain weight came second. The coordination between grain number per spike and 1000 grain weight was the key to increase grain weight per spike. To realize the coordination and make grain number per spike of crosses reach a higher level, more attention should be paid to the increase of 1000 grain weight of the crosses of Yiyuan 2. Therefore, by the way of moressing grain weight per spike commonly, the yields of FI hybrids could be improved.