南华县2005～2007年流行性腮腺炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Epidemic parotitis(mumps)from 2005 to 2007 in Nanhua city

目的分析南华县2005-2007年流行性腮腺炎疫情动态,遏制流行性腮腺炎的流行。方法采用流行病学的回顾性调查法,对南华县3年流行性腮腺炎的流行特征进行分析。结果 2005～2007年南华县共登记流行性腮腺炎143例,占法定传染病的12%。全年均有发病,以冬春为主,农村发病明显高于城市,城乡之比0.43:1,在幼儿园、小学、中学时有多发、爆发的倾向。在143余例病例中有发热113余例,腮腺肿大116余例,颌下腺肿大39例,并发症有67例,其中前3位为脑炎37例(55.22%),脑膜炎13例(19.40%),胰腺炎炎10例(14.93%),男性患病率高于女性,男女比率为2:1,以16岁以下人群发病为主,占该病的96.09%,78.34%的病例集中在6～12岁的年龄组,62.47%的患者是小学生。结论 6～12岁的儿童,尤其是农村此年龄段的儿童是实施腮腺炎疫苗或联合疫苗免疫接种控制该病的重点。

Objective The present study was designed to probe into dynamics of epidemic Parotitis（mumps）from 2005 to 2007 in the city Nanhua to provide information for the Contrpl of the epidemic.Methods A retrospective epidemiolojical investigation was conducted to under-stand the epidemiological features of the reported cases in the 3consecutive years in the city of Nanhua.Results There were 143 registered cases of mumps from 2005 to 2007 in the city,accounting for 12%of the reported notifiable diseases.The disease may occur at any time of the year,but it has a distinct pattern of winter and spring seasonality.The incidence is significantly higher in rural area than in cities with a ratio of 1：0.43.Occurrence of multiple and fulminant epidemics of the disease was seen in nurseries,Eiementary schools and secondary schools,of the 143 cases of mumps,113 cases had fever;116 cases had swelling of the parotid gland;and 39 cases had swelling of the Submaxillary gland.Complications occurred in 67 cases in all,the top three being encephalitis（37,55.2%）,meningitis（13,19.4%）,and pancreatitis（10,14.93%）,The prevalence rate of the disease was higher in males than in Females with the ratio beang 2：1.And children under 16 years of age were predominantly affected,accounting for 96.09%of all the cases,with 78.34%falling into the age group of 6-10 years and primary school students constituting 62.47%of all the patients.Conclusion Greater priority should be placed on immune control of the disease for school age children of 6-10years and rural population.