广场和草坪夏季微气候及人体舒适度研究

Study on Microclimate and Human Comfort of Square and Lawn in Summer

选择有无遮荫条件下的广场和草坪,于8:00～18:00期间,对其温度、相对湿度及风速进行同步测定。结果表明:遮荫条件和下垫面性质都会影响微气候,但遮荫条件对微气候的影响大于下垫面性质的影响。全天除18:00时以外,4种立地条件下的温度排序为:无遮荫广场>无遮荫草坪>遮荫广场>遮荫草坪;相对湿度排序为:遮荫草坪>遮荫广场>无遮荫草坪>无遮荫广场,无遮荫的广场和草坪与遮荫的广场和草坪温度及相对湿度差异均达到了显著水平。除14:00时外,风速排序为:无遮荫广场>无遮荫草坪>遮荫广场>遮荫草坪。遮荫条件下的广场和草坪降温增湿效果明显,风速变化幅度较小且整体趋势较为平缓,调节城市微气候的功能显著,人体感觉舒适的时间较长。在炎热的夏季,遮荫广场和遮荫草坪可成为人们户外活动的较佳选择。

The temperature,relative humidity and wind of square and lawn under shaded and non-shaded conditions were measured from 8：00 to 18：00 simultaneously every day.The results showed that both shading and underlying could affect microclimate,but the impact of shading was greater than the underlying.One day except 18：00,the temperature order of four kinds of site condition was：none-shaded square〉none-shaded lawn〉shaded squareshaded lawn;the relative humidity order was：shaded lawn〉shaded square〉none-shaded lawn〉none-shaded square.The differences of air temperature and relative humidity between square and lawn under different shading reach significance level.The day except 14：00,the wind order was：none-shaded square〉none-shaded lawn〉shaded square〉shaded lawn.The square and lawn under shading had an obvious effect on temperature dropping and humidifying,the range of wind speed was small and the overall trend was more moderate,they had the best effects on the adjustment of urban microclimate,and the period of the body comfort was longer.In the hot summer,the shaded square and shaded lawn can be the better place for outdoor activities.