青藏高原高寒草甸资源的可持续利用

SUSTAINABLE USE OF ALPINE MEADOW GRASSLAND RESOURCES ON THE QINGHAI TIBETAN PLATEAU

在分析青藏高原高寒草甸资源特点的基础上，从自然和人为因素两方面探讨了高寒草甸资源可持续利用中存在问题———草畜矛盾和草地退化；最后，针对问题提出了天然草场的合理利用、人工和半人工草场的建立、草场的用养结合、合理处理畜牧业与其它各业的关系，和加强人才建设等对策。

Alpine meadow grassland is widely distributed in the central eastern part of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountain region.It covers an area of about 7 0× 10 5 km 2, accounting for about 50% of the total useable grassland area on the Plateau.Alpine meadow zone has an area of about 2 69× 10 5 km 2, occupying 10 7% of the total regional area of the Plateau.The zone has a population density of 3 person/km 2,which is much higher than that on alpine steppe and alpine desert zones.The sustainable use of the alpine meadow grassland is closely related to the survival and development of the herdsmen on the Plateau.However,because of the fragile eco environment and malmanagement of the grassland on the Plateau,the contradiction between grass supply and livestock demand has been intensified,and the eco environment deteriorated.Based on the characteristics of the alpine meadow grassland resources on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau,the problems on sustainable use of the resources have been identified which included grassland degradation caused by both natural and artificial factors (4 natural aspects and 3 artificial aspects) and the contradiction between limited grass production and increasing number of livestock.Some related countermeasures have been offered to prevent grassland from being degraded and the mentioned contradiction being intensified,included are the ways for rational use of natural grassland, construction of artificial and semi artificial grassland,rational protection of natural and artificial grassland,enchancing integrated development and strengthening capacity building.