环青海湖地区生态环境问题及其整治

THE MAJOR ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE PERIPHERIES OF QINGHAI LAKE AND COUNTERMEASURES

在分析了环青海湖地区目前存在的主要生态环境问题及其影响，包括青海湖水位下降，土地沙漠化和草场退化基础上，对本区生态环境治理提出了若干对策。

Qinghai Lake,located on the northeastern Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the eastern Qinghai province,is the largest salt water lake in China.Although the regional population is not high,yet serious ecoenvironmental problems have occurred and are becoming more and more serious in the surrounding areas of the lake.Firstly,the drop of the lake water level has caused a series of eco environmental issues such as increase of mineralization degree of the lake water, decrease of the wetland area along the lake and the rivers draining into the lake as well as disappearing of the “Birds Island” in the lake in 1978.Secondly,land desertification takes place at an annual increase rate of 10 12 km 2.Lastly,grassland deterioration occurred as a result of overgrazing,damages by mice and grasshoppers,unreasonable reclamation as well wood cutting and shrub uprooting.In order to recover the eco environmental quality of the peripheral areas of the lake,corresponding countermeasures should be taken into account:1)effective measures should be taken to forbid overgrazing;2)prevention and control of grassland damage from mice and grasshoppers should be further strengthened;3)much more attention should be paid to prevent and control land desertification;and 4)new idea of viewing the eco environmental protection of the concerned areas as an organic whole should be established and bear in mind.