天津市中小学教师咽喉疾病及嗓音状况调查分析

Epidemiological Study of Throat Disease and Voice Disorders in Teachers in Tianjin

目的了解天津市中小学教师职业用嗓情况,为制定嗓音疾病防治和康复计划提供科学依据。方法对天津市71所中小学校及幼儿园的3555名教师进行了咽喉疾病及嗓音健康状况普查(包括问卷调查及耳鼻咽喉专科检查)。结果教师咽喉及嗓音疾病总患病率为46.6%,其中慢性咽炎占28.0%,其次为慢性喉炎(17.2%)和慢性扁桃体炎(6.2%),声带小结和声带息肉分别占3.6%和1.3%。嗓音疾病患病率随教龄增长而增高,男性高于女性,吸烟者高于不吸烟者,中学教师患病率低于小学与幼儿园教师患病率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而小学和幼儿园教师患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论教师是咽喉及嗓音疾病的高发人群,应加强对教师进行咽喉及嗓音疾病的预防宣传和保健工作。

Objective A prevalence survey of professional vocalization of teachers was conducted in Tianjin to provide scientific data for the future prevention and treatment of voicing problems. Methods 3 555 teachers from 71 schools of Tianjin were included in this study, including questionnaire and otolaryngology test. Results The prevalence of voice disorders was 46.6%. The prevalence of various voice disorders were as follows： 28.0% for chronic pharyngitis, 17. 2% for chroniclaryngitis, 6.2 % for chronic tonsillitis, 3.6 % for vocal nodules and 1.3% for vocal polyp respectively. There was a significant difference in prevalence between males and females, between smokers and non--smokers, between different school age groups, between middle--school teachers and primary--school teachers and nursery--school teachers. But there was no significant difference in prevalence between primary--school teachers and nursery--school teachers. Conclusion The studies have revealed that the teachers had a higher occupational risk ,The main risk factors for voice disorders were vocal loading and vocal abuse . The government ,the school and the whole society should take more concern about the problem. The scientific strategies of prevention and treatment were urgently needed to be developed and implemented.