三峡库区城镇移民迁建的问题与对策

STUDY ON RESETTLEMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF CITIES IN THE THREE GORGESRES ERVOIR AREA

根据三峡库区城镇迁建的方针、目标和原则，结合当前城镇的迁建状况，总结出迁建过程中存在的７ 个主要问题：（１） 迁建城镇人口和用地规模普遍偏大；（２） 城市用地布局过于分散；（３） 盲目跨江发展，大量库区岸线被占用；（４） 移民就业安置不够落实；（５）“二次移民”返贫现象出现；（６） 对城市搬迁与城市功能再造认识不足；（７） 城镇迁建区生态、环境破坏严重。三峡库区城镇迁建将陆续展开，在规划和建设过程中暴露的上述问题，应从加强库区城镇的生态环境建设和可持续发展等多方面寻找答案。

The Three Gorges Projectisavery gigantic project,whichinvolvesresettling 1 138 000 people and removing 116 citiesandtowns.The Three Gorges Project has been carried outstep by step sincethe1990s.Some new city planshave been drawn upinthereservoirareain ordertore ceive more and more resettlers and to renew some city functions when the built- up areas ofthe cities aresubmerged .Based onthesurveysinthereservoirarea,wefoundthatthereareseven big problems generally existing in city resettlement and reconstruction . They are (1) The resettle mentcities are overladen with population and the extent ofland useis generally toolargein new urban planning.(2) Spatialstructures ofthese new urban plans are too scattered.(3) The cities span blindly overthe Yangtze Riverand mostbanksoftheriverare occupied.(4) Employmentof resettlers has not been putintoeffect.(5) The“secondaryresettlers”become poorer.(6) People in the area cannottakeacorrectand comprehensive view on cityremovaland reconstruction.(7) The ecologicalenvironmentin the reservoirarea has been spoiled grievously. This paper analyses the main causes and then points outthat to resolve the aforementioned problems,ecological pro tection and the principle of sustainable development must go furtherin planning and practicing. Moreover,according to construction experiences in the Three Gorges area during recent years, the papergivescorrespondingcountermeasures.The purpose ofthispaperisto show thattheeco logicaland economicelements must betaken into considerationin the process ofresettlementand reconstruction ofcitiesin the Three Gorges Reservoirarea.