长江中游地区畜牧业生产现状及持续发展策略

TACTICS ONTO A SUSTAINABLE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN THE MIDDLE REACH OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

长江中游地区年产猪肉１２５ ．９６ 万ｔ、鲜鱼７４ ．１２ 万ｔ，是我国重要的畜、禽、鱼养殖基地。依生态景观和畜牧业生产特点，可以分为平原湖区和丘陵岗地两种类型的畜牧业生产模式。目前，该地区畜牧业生产尚存在饲料粮严重短缺、畜牧结构不合理、饲料资源利用不充分和畜产品加工业落后等问题。为此，应在长江流域综合开发总体规划下，坚持因地制宜，发挥不同地区的优势，实行以农促牧，以牧促农，以农牧产品促加工的“种、养、加”三步一曲式的开放型畜牧业生产模式。在今后的畜牧业发展中，应建立三种不同类型区的畜牧业生产体系：平原湖区应在稳定发展猪、鸡的同时，大力发展鸭和鹅等水禽类；丘陵农区应在实行猪、鸡和牛、羊并重的同时，重点增加草食牲畜的饲养量；城镇郊区应积极发展“四鲜”（ 鲜奶、鲜肉、鲜蛋和鲜禽） 为主要特征的奶牛、肉牛（ 羊） 和猪、鸡饲养业。

The middle reach of the Yangtze River is one of the important bases of animal husbandry in China and yields annually around 2.0 million tons of pork and fish.Animal husbandry in this region is divided into two systems,the plain lake system and the hilly land system,according to the ecological landscape and the features of animal production.Both of the systems have been confronted with problems in serious feed grain shortage,unreasonable animal structure,inadequate utilization of feed resources and undeveloped processing industry of animal products etc.To sustain animal husbandry in the region,we have the need to develop into the style that under the guidance of the integrate developing overall in the Yangtze River Basin,persisting in measures suitalbe to lacal conditions and bring in the dominant advantages of different regions.An open type model of animal production should be constructed in which plant animal processing industry can be linked together with agriculture promoting the development of animal husbandry,with animal promoting the development of agriculture production and with agriculture and animal products promoting the development of processing.In the funture,it is needed to construct three animal production systems:It has to pay more attention to develop herbivores raising industry including cattle,goat,rabbit and goose etc.,and in the same time it has also to develop stable pig and poultry raising industry in the plain lake area;it has to develop simulataneously pig,poultry and cattle,goat and in the same time,also to enlarge the raising amount of herbivores in the hilly land area;it has to develop actively dairy cattle,goat,pig and poultry raising industry and the so called“four fresh”raising industry including fresh milk,fresh meat,fresh egg and fresh poultry as main feature in the city and its suburb area.So it can be set up a new resource saving and high benefit animal production model in the middle reach of the Yangtze River.