超级铝热剂的制备、表征及其燃烧催化作用

Preparation,Characterization and Combustion Catalytic Activity of Nanopartical Super Thermites

用纳米铝粉和纳米氧化铅、纳米氧化铜和纳米三氧化二铋为原料,采用超声分散复合的方法,制备了纳米超级铝热剂Al/PbO、Al/CuO和Al/Bi2O3。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱分析(SEM-EDS)和红外光谱(IR)对原料和产物的物相、组成、形貌和结构进行分析表征;运用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)评估三种超级铝热剂与双基推进剂主要组分的相容性;研究了3种超级铝热剂对双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,Al/PbO、Al/CuO和Al/Bi2O3与推进剂主要组分硝化棉(NC)、硝化棉/硝化甘油(NC/NG)混合物和吉纳(DINA)的相容性均良好,而与黑索今(RDX)和1,3-二甲基-1,3-二苯基脲(C2)相对较为敏感;含三种纳米超级铝热剂的双基推进剂表现出优异的燃烧性能。

Super thermites Al/PbO,Al/CuO and Al/Bi2O3 were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion process using nano-Al,nano-PbO,nano-CuO and nano-Bi2O3 as the raw materials,and the products were characterized by XRD,SEM-EDS and IR.DSC thermal analysis method was employed to evaluate compatibility of three kinds of super thermites with some double-base propellant main components.On the bases of characterizations,the effects of three super thermites on the combustion properties of double-base（DB） propellant were investigated.The results indicate that Al/PbO,Al/CuO and Al/Bi2O3 have good compatibility with nitrocellulose（NC）,nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine（NC/NG） and N-nitro dihydroxy ethylamine dinitrate（DINA）,but they are slightly sensitive with cyclotrimethylene trinitramine（RDX） and 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea（C2）.DB propellant containing three kinds of nano super thermites showed excellent performance of combustion,which indicates that super thermites have tremendous potential superiorities in application of DB propellant.