青少年和父母对心理咨询认识的质性研究

A Qualitative Research on Adolescents and Parents' Understanding of Counseling

用访谈法探讨8个已求助和5个未求助家庭的青少年和父母对心理咨询的认识;比较已求助者和未求助者、青少年和父母对心理咨询认识的差异。结果显示,青少年和父母从6个方面描述心理咨询:功能、形式、适用问题、服务提供者、求助者和效果,各方面提及次数最多的分别是问题解决、谈话法、心理困扰、心理医生、心理有病的人和有帮助;误解包括心理咨询是针对心理有病的人,只有严重问题才需要求助。已求助者比未求助者更了解心理咨询,提及问题解决、心理困扰和有帮助的次数更多。青少年更多认为心理咨询是心理老师处理正常群体的心理困扰;父母更多认为心理咨询是心理医生处理心理疾病。青少年和父母对心理咨询的认识趋于理性和准确,但仍有误解需要澄清。

This study aimed to explore adolescents and their parents＇ understanding of counseling,and compare the difference between adolescents and their parents, between families which had sought counseling help and which hadn＇t sought counseling help.Adolescents and their parents from 8 families which had sought counseling help and 5 families which hadn＇t sought counseling help were recruited into the interview. The results showed（1） adolescents and parents understood counseling from 6 aspects,including counseling＇s function,form,applied problems,service provider,help-seekers and effects.The most codes which were mentioned in 6 aspects were problem-solving, talking,psychological troubles,psychiatrist,the people with mental illness and helpfulness.They also had some misunderstandings,such as counseling was aimed at the people with mental illness and only for serious problems.（2） People who had sought help knew more about counseling and mentioned problem-solving, psychological troubles,and helpfulness much more than people without such experience.（3） The adolescents tended to describe counseling as that the psychological teachers dealt with the psychological troubles of the normal people.The parents tended to describe counseling as that the psychiatrist dealt with the mental illness.The understanding of adolescents and parents about counseling became more reasonable and accurate than before,but there was still some misunderstanding need to be clarified.