滇型杂交稻产量及其产量结构性状的配合力及遗传力分析

Analysis of Combining Ability and Heritability in Yield and Yield Components Characters of Dian-type Japonica Hybrid Rice

以生产上广为应用的9个粳稻不育系和8个粳稻恢复系为亲本,采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）设计,对其F1产量及其产量结构性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明,这些性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到显著或极显著水平。单株产量、穗总粒数、有效穗主要受非加性效应的影响,实粒数、结实率同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响,千粒重主要受加性效应的影响。单株产量、穗总粒数、结实率受不育系影响较大,而实粒数、千粒重、有效穗受恢复系的影响较大。高配合力的亲本是选育强优势组合的重要基础,高产量的杂交组合的选育和不育系的选择至关重要。农艺性状的狭义遗传力由大到小依次为结实率、实粒数、千粒重、总粒数、有效穗、单株产量,变幅在51.34%~13.10%之间。不育系以滇粳优2号A、合系41A、滇粳优5-1A、大理香谷A较好,有较大的应用潜力。恢复系以南34、香糯选、南29选和南34选较好。

The combining ability for yield and yield components characters was studied with 9 male sterile lines and 8 restorer lines of Dian-type japonica hybrid rice widely used by the way of p×q incomplete diallel cross （NCⅡ） design.Both general combining ability（GCA） and the specific combining ability（SCA） of these characters were significant or highly significant.The grain weight of per plant,the spikelets of per panicle and the panicles of per plant were mainly affected by the non-additive effect,while the 1000-grain weight was mainly controlled by the additive effect.And the filled spikelets of per panicle and the seed setting rate were controlled by both additive and non-additive effect.The other characters were influenced more greatly by restorer lines than by sterile lines,except the grain weight per plant,the spikelets of per panicle and the seed setting rate.Parents of high GCA and variance of SCA is important base of breeding advantage hybrid combinations,and the sterile lines choice is very important for breeding high-yield hybrid combinations.The narrow heritability for these characters ordered from high to low as the seed setting rate,the filled spikelets of per panicle,the 1000-grain weight,the spikelets of per panicle,the panicles of per plant,the grain weight per plant.The narrow heritability ranged from 51.34 % to 13.10 %.Based on the GCA and SCA of the parents,sterile lines Dianjingyou 2A,Hexi 41A,Dianjingyou 5-1A,Dalixianggu A,and restorer lines Nan 34,Xiangnuoxuan,Nan 29 xuan,Nan 34 xuan were recommendable.