上海部分社区就诊居民健康教育需求现况调查

Investigation of Health Education Requirements in Shanghai Community Service Centers

目的了解上海部分社区就诊居民对健康教育的需求,探讨我国城市社区健康教育的有效途径。方法在上海6个社区卫生服务中心对就诊居民进行健康教育需求的调查问卷。结果 84.8%的居民就诊时接受过医护人员的健康教育,不同社区的居民就诊时接受健康教育的比例间差异有统计学意义(χ2=102.263,P=0.000)。医护人员诊病时对社区居民进行健康教育的时间中位数为2.5 min,居民期望健康教育的时间中位数为5.5 min,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。接受过健康教育的就诊居民对医护人员给予健康教育的评价分别为:非常有用占66.5%,非常可靠占68.5%,有帮助占75.7%。面对面咨询是健康教育的主要形式(72.8%),也是社区居民最希望的形式(74.6%)。居民接受的健康教育内容中饮食、运动、慢性病防治、心理分别为89.7%、73.8%、50.1%、41.0%。居民接受慢性病的健康教育内容中高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、肿瘤、痛风分别为70.6%、54.0%、42.2%、15.6%、14.4%。结论大部分社区医生能对就诊者进行健康教育,时间需适当增加,健康教育形式及内容需进一步完善。建议加强包括强化培训、同伴教育、现场指导、案例剖析等多种形式的健康教育专业培训,建立健康教育指南,促进健康教育有效开展。

Objective To learn the health education requirements in Shanghai community service centers and analyze the education pattern of city community.Methods 598 practitioners from 6 communities were investigated by health education requirements questionnaires.Results 84.8% outpatients accepted health education when receiving treatment.There was statistical difference between different districts in accepting health education（χ2=102.263,P=0.000）.The median time that medical staff spent on health education was 2.5 min,while the expected time from outpatients was 5.5 min（P=0.000）.66.5% outpatients considered that it was most useful to receive the health education.Face to face consultation was the most and expected measure for people in health education.The health education included mainly dietary,physical activity,psychology and chronic disease,proportion were respectively 89.7%,73.8%,41.0%,50.1%.The health education of chronic diseases included hypertention,diabetes,coronary heart disease,gout and cancer,proportion were 70.6%,54.0%,42.2%,14.4%,15.6% respectively.Conclusion In order to promote the health education,the government should set up systemic training and intervention guideline for GP and community nurse as early as possible to perfect education forms,which should include intensive training,partner discussion,on-the-spot guidance and case study,etc.