建立兔单纯腹壁爆炸伤合并内脏器官外露的动物模型

An Animal Model of Simple Blast Injury on Abdominal Wall with Visceral Exposure on Rabbit

目的建立可进行长期观察的单纯腹壁爆炸伤合并内脏器官外露的动物模型,观察此类创伤的致伤和转归规律。方法 8～10周龄生长期白家兔12只,随机分为2组,每组6只。全身麻醉条件下,标记致伤部位。A组采用自制腹腔防护装置埋入腹腔,然后采用0.125 g TNT当量炸药球贴于致伤部位致伤;B组不经防护处理直接采用同样爆源致伤。伤后观察各组大体形态,对活体动物每日取伤部组织常规HE染色,切片观察;死亡动物记录生存时间并行尸检。结果两组动物致伤部位腹壁呈全层开放性爆炸伤。A组实验动物创面面积(3.9±0.56)cm2;B组创伤面积(3.83±0.49)cm2,两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。A组实验动物存活时间为(141±87.78)h。B组实验动物平均存活时间为(3.67±2.25)h,两组实验动物存活时间存在明显差异(P<0.05)。尸检和病理观察发现,对照组动物早期死亡原因为内脏损伤和腹腔内出血,实验组发生内脏纤维粘连未见明显创伤。腹壁各层组织受爆炸的创伤有差异,呈现"外轻内重"的病理变化,并呈进行性发展,尤以肌肉组织的变化最为典型。结论本实验模拟了腹部爆炸伤致伤机制。经有效防护,建立了可用于长期观察的单纯腹壁爆炸伤动物模型。

Objective To make an animal model of the simple abdominal wall blast injury with visceral exposure and to observe its long-term changes.Methods Twelve white rabbits of 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into two groups,and injured parts were marked under general anesthesia.A group：self-made enterocoelia protective device with 0.125 g TNT equivalent explosives ball on the site of injury;B Group：the same explosion source of injury without protective device.After injury,autopsy and pathologic examination were used to evaluate the animal model.Results Both groups of animal injury parts presented whole layer blast injury of abdominal wall was observed in both groups.The wound area of A group was（3.9＋0.56） cm2,and B group was（3.83±0.49） cm2.There were no significant differences between the two groups（P0.05）.The survival time of A group was（141±87.78） h and B group was（3.67±2.25） h.There were significant differences between group A and Group B（P0.05）.The survival time of experimental group was longer in group A than group B.Autopsy and pathologic examination showed that the reasons for the early death in the group B was visceral injury and abdominal bleeding,while besides fiber adhesion,there was no obvious trauma on visceral in group A.Conclusion This experiment simulated the mechanism of abdominal wall blast injury.An animal model of simple abdominal wall blast injury with protective device can be used for long-term observation with effective protection.