某区部队食堂微小气候及空气卫生学调查与评价

INVESTIGATION ON THE MICROCLIMATE AND AIR HYGIENE IN PLA KITCHEN AND MESS HALL

目的了解某区部队食堂食品储存、加工环境和人员就餐环境的微小气候及空气质量、照度、噪声等情况,为客观评价食堂卫生状况,制订相关卫生标准提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在某区部队范围内选择城区连队食堂、郊区连队食堂、团办伙和社会化保障食堂,以及部队招待所餐厅各5个,使用现场检测仪器对其副食操作间、储藏室和餐厅3类主要功能间进行了为期1年的温度、湿度、风速、照度、噪声、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2)监测。结果除温度、湿度具有明显的时间特点外,其他指标在不同时间变化不明显;除郊区连队食堂3月、12月平均温度较低外(P<0.05),其他类型食堂所监测指标均在GJB 1101-91要求范围内,不同类型食堂各指标测量值无统计学差异;不同时间、不同功能间之间比较显示,副食操作间噪声明显高于其他功能间噪声(P<0.05);储藏室风速、照度均明显低于其他功能间(P<0.05);储藏室3月、12月CO2浓度明显高于其他功能间(P<0.05)。结论在制订军队食堂等膳食保障单位微小气候和空气质量标准时,应针对不同功能间进行标准限值规定。

Objective To investigate the state of microclimate,air hygiene,noise,ventilation and illumination in PLA kitchens and mess halls,so as to provide the basis for working out a standard for PLA kitchen and mess hall.Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate 25 PLA kitchens and mess halls from different regions.The temperature,humidity,concentration of CO and CO2,wind velocity,illumination,noise were monitored.Results All parameters had no marked change in different seasons except temperature,and humidity.The temperature in March and December in suburb company kitchen and mess hall was lower（P0.05）than the standard of PLA kitchen and mess hall（GJB1101-91）.The noise in kitchen was higher（P0.05） than in storeroom and dinning room.The wind velocity,and illumination in storeroom was lower（P0.05） than in kitchen and dinning room.The concentration of CO2 in storeroom in March and December was higher（P0.05）than in other kinds of rooms.Conclusion The standard for microclimate and air quality in PLA kitchen and mess hall should be stipulated according to the use of different kinds of rooms.