无权处分合同效力辨析──兼评《合同法》第51条

Analysis on the Validity of the Unauthorized-Disposition Contract──Comments on Article 51 of Contract Law

无权处分合同的效力存在无效、有效及效力待定三种学说。我国《合同法》第51条规定了无权处分制度,并赋予无权处分合同待定的法律效力。效力待定学说在不断发展的过程中逐渐显露出其固有的不足。既然无权处分合同的性质为债权行为,那么其效力应当不受处分人的"处分权"的影响。无权处分合同应从传统的效力待定的合同类型中脱离,而成为有效合同。《合同法》第51条受到诸多指责,最根本的原因在于我国践行的物权变动模式存在问题。

Unauthorized Disposition Rule has evoked much controversy since Contract Law was enacted and there are three types of theory about the unauthorized-disposition contract,that is,valid,invalid and undetermined validity.The unauthorized-disposition contract is viewed validity to be determined,which is stipulated in article 51 of Contract Law.This theory gradually revealed its inherent deficiencies.Since the nature of the unauthorized-disposition contract is a credit act,its validity should not be influenced by the disposition right and should be valid.The reason why article 51 of Contract Law was criticized lies in the pattern of alteration of real right.