不同年代早籼稻品种的植株形态及其演变研究

A Study on the Evolution of Plant Morphological Traits of Early Season Indica Rice Varieties Selected and Released during Different Ages

按亲缘关系追溯构建一套以不同年代主栽品种为骨干的早籼稻系谱材料,在同一生态条件下种植,研究不同年代早籼稻品种的植株形态性状变化及其发展演变特征,并分析植株形态演变的主导因子。结果表明:早籼稻品种在演变进程中,植株形态性状变异较大,品种间均达极显著差异,从早期高秆品种到近期高产品种,株高呈明显降低趋势;冠层功能叶片的形态演变主要表现为叶长变短,叶宽无多大变化,最终叶面积下降,这是矮化育种和株型育种的直观体现。植株形态演变的主导因子在于株高、叶长和叶面积,因此认为早籼稻品种改良应保持现有株型配置的同时,适当增加株高和叶长,以提高冠层功能叶面积和改善株间通风透光条件,促进生育后期光合产物的有效积累与合理分配。

Thirty-five early season indica rice varieties were selected and released during different ages as experiment materials,which were cultivated under a same ecological condition in Hangzhu in 2009,the evolutional characteristics of plant morphological traits were studies,and the dominant evolving factors were analyzed. The results showed that the variances of plant morphological traits among these rice varieties were extremely significant,from early tal1 cultivars to late high-yield cultivars,culm height declined obviously,the length and area of top several leaves became shorter and smaller while the width had no change,which put up the effect of dwarfism and plant-type breeding. The dominant evloving factors in the plant morphological traits of early season indica rice varieties were the evolutions of plant height,leaves length and area,therefore,more attention should be paid to increasing suitably plant height and leaf length but keeping correspondence with the present deploying of plant types in early season indica rice breeding,so as to extend top leaves area,improve ventilation and sunlight transmission in the space among plants,enhance efficient photosynthesis matter accumulation and reasonable distribution during the late growth stage.