SPOT系列卫星的特点与应用

Characteristics and application of SPOT satellites

SPOT卫星是世界上首先具有立体成像能力的遥感卫星,是一种多光谱高分辩率遥感卫星。1986年2月22日法国发射第一颗地球资源观测实验卫星(SPOT-1)至今,SPOT系统卫星共发射了5颗。SPOT-4在SPOT-1、SPOT-2和SPOT-3的基础上,红光波段的分辨率改进为10m,又增加了1.58μm^1.75μm的红外波段,提高了对植被信息的获取。SPOT-5卫星和以前的SPOT卫星相比,携带了高分辨率立体成像仪HSR、2台高分辨率几何成像仪HRG和"植被-2"相机等新的仪器设备,在观测能力方面有了很大的提高,分辨率高达5m和2.5m,还提供数字高程模型(DEM)。这些特点使得SPOT卫星具有多种用途,如岩石岩性、构造,矿产填图,环境监测,水资源调查,大气探测,植被调查,农作物估产,冰雪覆盖调查,土地利用和土地覆盖,城市和城市周围规划以及自然灾害控制,森林资源调查,旅游资源调查等。系统总结和了解SPOT卫星系统特点,对了解地球资源、监测地球具有重要的科学价值。

SPOT was a satellite of remote sensing with three-dimensional formation of image firstly in the world and was a kind of satellite of multi-spectral imagery and high resolution. France launched the first SPOT satellite on February 22,1986. Up till now, five SPOT satellites were launched altogether. on the basis of SOPT- 1,-2 and -3, the resolution of infrared spectral band for SPOT- 4 was increased to 10m. SPOT-5 was able to carry new equipments to improve the observation ability with resolution increased up to 5 meters and 2.5 meters,also providing DEM. The above characteristics made the SPOT satellites competent for a lot of uses： investigation of rock characters, structures, minerals mapping, environmental monitoring, water resources and land utilization and coverage, forestry resources investigation.