刺参养殖池塘人工参礁生态效应的研究

Study on the ecological effects of artificial reef on ecosystem of Apostichopus japonicus pond

研究了采用蓝网、白纱、绿纱、编布、瓦片、石头制成的各种人工参礁对刺参池塘生态系统中底栖藻类种类组成及生物量、底层溶氧和营养盐等生态因子的影响。结果表明,颜色较深的蓝网与绿纱附着底栖藻类的生物量较大;水深小于150cm时附着生物量较大;小型底栖藻类在编布、瓦片上的生物量较大;大型底栖硅藻在蓝网、绿纱、白纱等有孔网片上的生物量较大。NO3--N远远大于NH4+-N并与底栖藻类生物量的相关系数极小;而底层NH4+-N与底栖藻类生物量的相关系数较大,为0.7176;PO43--P与底栖藻类生物量的相关系数介于二者之间。人工参礁的材料、设置方式与水深是刺参池塘养殖生态系统的关键技术和条件,并具有显著的生态效应。

Blue net,white gauze,green gauze,PE woven cloth,tiles,and stones were used as artificial reefs for Apostichopus japonicus cultivation.Various ecological factors were studied,including biomass of benthic algae,DO,and nutrients in the water,the locality and depth of artificial reefs for A.japonicus pond culture.The results were as follows：Quite large biomass of benthic algae were attached to dark-colored blue net and green gauze or when the water depth was less than 150 cm;the biomass of small benthic algae was quite large on PE woven cloth and tiles;while large benthic diatoms were more likely to accumulate on large mesh nets such as blue net,white gauze,and green gauze.Although the concentration of NO-3-N in the water was comparatively high,the correlation between NO-3-N concentration and the biomass of benthic algae was much smaller than that of NH＋4-N concentration and the algal biomass.The correlation between the concentration of NH＋4-N in bottom water and the biomass of benthic algae was comparatively high（0.717 6）,while the coefficient between PO3-4-P and the algal biomass was of medium value.Materials,pattern of set up and water depth of artificial reefs were key techniques and conditions for A.japonicus pond culture and showed remarkable ecological effects on the ecosystem of A.japonicus culture pond.