抗蒸腾型叶面肥对造林树种蒸腾速率的影响

Effects on New Anti-transpiration Foliar Fertilizer on Transpiration Rate of Forestation Tree Species

黄土半干旱地区是林业生态工程建设退耕还林的重点地区。由于该区降水相对不足且潜在蒸散力大等特殊气候条件,蒸腾作用会造成植物水分大量丢失,从而引起水分亏缺和脱水的伤害,使人工造林遇到极大的困难。此时叶面喷施抗蒸腾叶面肥不仅能提供植物生长所需养分,而且还能抑制植物蒸腾作用,提高植物水势,减少植物水分的蒸发量,一定程度上提高植物生存能力。本试验以黄土高原干旱半干旱地区造林中主要采用的生态经济型树种文冠果（Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge）、紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）、火炬树（Rhus typhina）为研究对象,以自制的两种抗蒸腾叶面肥及市场上已推广施用的叶面肥肥效为主要依据,运用正交试验探讨自制肥料在降低植物蒸腾作用方面的效果。研究结果证明,自制叶面肥C＋紫穗槐或文冠果＋稀释800~1200倍＋土壤含水量为12%~22%时,对降低植物蒸腾速率效果最为明显。

Semi-arid loess regions are the key areas of returning cultivated land to forest and eco-forestry projects in our country.As a result of the special climatic conditions,rainfall is relatively short and potential evapotranspiration is relatively great.Transpiration can cause considerable loss of plant water which leads to water deficit and dehydration and great difficulties in artificial afforestation.Spraying anti-transpiration foliar fertilizer on leaf surface can not only provide the necessary nutrients required for plant growth,but also inhibit plant transpiration,improve plant water potential,reduce plant water evaporation,and improve the survivability of plants to some degree.The study uses Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge,Amorpha fruticosa,and Rhus typhina in the arid and semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau as the main research object and two self-made anti-transpiration foliar fertilizers and the foliar fertilizer which has been promoted on market as the main basis,to explore the effects of self-made fertilizers on reducing the plant transpiration by orthogonal experiment.Results show that the best formulation is self-made C ＋ Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge or Amorpha fruticosa ＋ 800～1200 times diluted ＋ 12%～22% soil moisture,which reduces plant transpiration rate most obviously.