煤岩体钻孔结构观测方法及应用

Borehole observation methods in coal and rock mass and their applications

介绍了煤岩体结构观察与测试方法,煤矿井下采用的光导纤维钻孔窥视仪、前视电子钻孔窥视仪及数字式全景钻孔摄像系统的测试原理、仪器结构及特点。提供了在典型矿井获得的钻孔观测结果及图像,分析了煤岩体中钻孔形态及结构面分布特征。介绍了钻孔观测结果在采矿工程中的应用,包括煤岩体结构面分布与完整性评价,水压致裂地应力测量,采场顶板冒落与岩层移动研究,巷道围岩变形与破坏机理研究,巷道支护与加固设计,工程质量检测与支护加固效果评价等方面。实践证明,钻孔摄像与观测是一种能够直观、有效、快速观测钻孔形态及其变化的手段,为矿山压力与岩层控制研究,采矿工程设计、施工与质量检测提供了可靠的基础数据。最后,针对钻孔观测存在的问题,提出了改进建议。

The observation and test methods for structural planes in coal and rock mass were introduced,and the test principles,the components and characteristics of the borehole observation instruments used in underground coal mines were discussed,including the optical fiber observer,the axial borehole camera and the digital panoramic borehole camera system.The observation results and images from typical coal mines were provided to analyze the borehole formations and the distribution characteristics of structural planes.The borehole observation results were utilized in following aspects and mining engineering：evaluation of the distributions of structural planes in coal and rock masses and their integrity;the hydraulic fracturing measurements for in-situ stresses;study on roof caving and strata movement in stopes;study on the deformation and damage mechanism of rock surrounding roadways;the roadway support and reinforcement designs;the engineering quality tests and evaluation of supporting and reinforcing effects.The underground practices prove that the borehole camera and test can provide a direct,effective and fast approach to observe borehole formations and their changes,which can obtain reliable basic data for the study on underground pressure and strata control,the mining project designs and the constructions and quality tests.Finally,the existing problems were put forward,and some suggestions were given to improve the borehole observation methods.