非关税措施及其规制的制度经济学之维

On Non-tariff Measures and Their Regulation from the Angle of Institutional Economics

制度经济学研究经济与制度之间的双向关系,将制度产生的成本、基本的人类价值取向、寻租等问题纳入研究范围。非关税措施作为一项制度,其产生的成本增加、基本人类价值取向和寻租问题可以从制度经济学的角度来进行思维与考察。制度经济学模型是把制度对经济的影响予以量化的计算公式。因此,制度经济学对制度的经济影响评估模型为WTO规制非关税措施提供了帮助。在WTO的规则制定阶段、贸易政策评审阶段以及争端解决阶段都可以引入制度的经济影响模型分析来规制非关税措施。

Institutional economics studies the interaction between economy and institu- tions and introduces costs, fundamental human value and rent-seeking related to institutions into the study. Therefroe, as an instituion, non-tariff measures referring to costs, fundamental human value and rent-seeking may he explored from the angle of institutional economics. Institutional economic models are the formulas of quantifying the influences of institutions on the economy, so the institutional economic models evaluating the effects of institutions on the economy help WTO with the regulation of non-tariff measures. During the periods of rule-making, trade policy review and the settlement of disputes of WTO, the models referring to the effects of institutions on the economy could be introduced into the regulation of non-tariff measures.