基于集体主义与个体主义价值观的中美思维模式的反思

Chinese and American Thinking Patterns from Perspective of Collectivism and Individualism

集体主义和个体主义体现了两种不同文化模式的价值取向,揭示了个体与群体在利益分配和目标取舍层面上的文化心理倾向。研究以中国文化和美国文化为对比基础,以集体主义和个体主义为讨论对象,从文化价值观的角度展开。研究表明在个体与集体的关系中,基于利益选择优先性的差异而形成的集体主义和个体主义在思维方式,面子,社会人情关系,隐私观念、责任意识和成功标准等方面存在明显的差异。中国的集体主义文化可以描述为"好大喜小,内实外虚"。美国的个体主义价值观崇尚个人奋斗,尊重个体的权利,提倡个人对个人的社会关系等。本研究指出中美不同的价值观塑造了中国的太极式思维和美国线形思维模式,这两种截然不同的思维方式决定了集体主义和个体主义价值观以不同的方式和程度存在于东西方文化中。在跨文化交际中,必须挖掘和认可差异,减少文化中心主义对交际的消极影响,倡导具有全球普世价值意义的价值,减少误解,提高跨文化交际的效果。

Collectivism and individualism embody eastern and western cultural value orientations respectively,presenting different cultural priorities in distributing and selecting group interests and individual interests.Based on the comparative study of Chinese and American cultures,this study is designed to analyze the differences and similarities between collectivism and individualism from the perspective of cultural value.Research shows that different thinking patterns,understanding of face,social relations,view of privacy,sense of obligation and standards of success are closely related to collectivism and individualism.Thus,Chinese culture can be described as ＂magnificence pursuit and group interest favoring;being frank inside,but conservative outside＂.American value set special emphasis on hard work,individual rights,and person to person relationship.With further comparison,the authors have found that different values have forged different thinking patterns for the Chinese people and the American people： Taichi pattern for the Chinese and linear for the American.In the field of intercultural communication,both differences and similarities should be realized to reduce cultural misunderstandings for global values and optimizing the effect of global communication.