碳纤维复合材料在飞机结构中的应用

Application of Carbon Fiber Composites in Aircraft Structures

回顾了40年来碳纤维复合材料在飞机结构中的应用发展过程,从成本角度分析了影响其在飞机结构中扩大应用的障碍和现状,指出以碳纤维复合材料在空客A380、A350和波音787飞机中的大范围应用为代表,碳纤维复合材料技术已克服了成本障碍,为今后在更多领域高性能结构的大范围应用提供了可能,进入了大规模工业应用的新纪元。根据飞机结构使用碳纤维复合材料的经验教训,针对国内碳纤维发展现状,指出为扩大国产碳纤维在飞机及其他高性能结构中的应用,碳纤维生产企业应努力的方向:首先是保证产品质量的稳定性和可靠性,制订符合国际规范的材料标准和验收方法;其二应注重对碳纤维下游产品,即复合材料及其结构研制与评定,碳纤维是否能用于飞机结构,其主要依据是碳纤维对复合材料结构制造的适用性和相应的性能指标;同时应注意对复合材料结构设计技术的普及和人才培养。最后根据飞机结构完整性的要求,提出了对第二代碳纤维力学性能指标的某些建议。

The development history of carbon-fiber reinforced composite aircraft structures was reviewed during the past 40 years,the obstacle and status for carbon-fiber composites to extend their application to aircraft structures from the point of view of cost driver were analyzed.The large scale of application of carbon-fiber composites on A380,A350 and Boeing787 is the sign of that they have come into the new era of industrial application of the affordable composite technology.The first issue for Chinese carbon fiber to be applied into aircraft structures and other high-performance structures is to ensure the stability and reliability of product quality,therefore to develop the strict material specifications and receival criteria.The second issue is to emphasize the evaluation of carbon-fiber reinforced composites and their structures based on the structural integrity requirements.The third issue is to train the composite structural designers who are familiar to the characterizations and features of composite structures.Finally,some suggestions on the mechanical properties for the second generation of carbon fibers were pointed out.