木霉菌与植物病害的生物防治

Trichoderma and biological control of plant diseases

木霉菌是重要的植物病害防治菌，广泛分布于自然界。木霉菌具有广泛的适应性，能够杀伤多种重要的植物病原菌，作用机制多种多样。除了从自然界分离筛选之外，木霉菌的诱变育种改良技术，原生质体融合技术以及基因操作技术已有效地应用于木霉菌的改造。木霉菌的大量生产技术以及菌剂的制备技术也有较大发展，已经有１０ 多种商品化制剂。木霉菌的筛选技术是需要重视的研究领域，而其发展则离不开对生态学和作用机制的详细了解。木霉菌具有广阔的研究与应用前景。

Trichoderma ia an important group in the biological control of plant diseases,and is ubiquitous in the environment.As a biocontrol agent,the advantages of Trichoderma lie in its excellent adaptability,broad spectrum of activity and diversified mechanisms. T.richoderma spp.with biocontrol activity can be screened directly from the natural environment,however,techniques aimed at improving these agents including mutation,protoplast fusion and gene manipulation have been established.Advances have been achieved in mass production and formulation development.More than 10 registered biocontrol products worldwide are Trichoderma based.Improving screening technique is an important research area,and the progress will depend largely on the full understanding of ecology and mechanisms active in situ. Trichoderma spp.will contribute more to plant disease management in the future.