广西凤山县核桃果实特征研究

Nut characters in Juglans regia at Fengshan County of Guangxi

为了正确评价核桃坚果质量,给广西壮族自治区凤山县核桃良种的选育提供科学依据,采用核桃坚果质量等级测定方法,于2009年6～12月,对该县8个核桃样品的果实特征进行了测定。结果表明:8个核桃样品的横径、纵径、棱径、壳厚度、单果质量、种仁质量、出仁率、径仁率和果形指数均存在着显著差异,其中8号核桃样品的各项指标值均优于其他样品;8个核桃样品的种仁含水率、灰分含量、蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、酸价和皂化价均存在着极显著差异,其粗脂肪含量由大至小依次为1号>8号>3号>2号>6号>4号>7号>5号,其蛋白质含量由大至小依次为7号>5号>4号>6号>1号>8号>2号>3号;8个核桃样品种仁中的N、P、K和微量元素含量均存在着极显著差异,不同样品的油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量均较高,其变化范围在55.82%～71.40%之间,其中以5号核桃的最高,达71.40%。

In order to properly evaluate nut quality in walnut,and to provide the scientific basis for breeding of Fengshan County of Guangxi Autonomous Region,nut characters in 8 walnut nut samples were determination from June to December 2009 based on walnut quality grade determination method.The results showed that there were significant differences among transverse diameter,vertical diameter,rib diameter,single nut mass,kernel mass,kernel rate,kernel mass per centimeter and fruit shape index of 8 samples,and the indexes of No.8 sample were better than others.There were significant differences among water content in kernel,ash content,protein content,crude fat content,acid value,iodine value and saponification value of 8 samples.The order of crude fat content from high to low was No.1,No.8,No.3,No.2,No.6,No.4,No.7,No.5.The order of protein content from high to low was No.7,No.5,No.4,No.6,No.1,No.8,No.2,No.3.There were significant differences among N,P,K and trace element contents in kernel of 8 samples.Polyunsaturated fatty acid contents of 55.82%-71.40% in the samples were higher,and the index of No.5 was the highest value of 71.40 %.