杏麦间作系统生态效应及小麦生理特性研究初报

Study on Ecological Effect and Physiological Characteristics in Apricot and Wheat Intercropping Systems

【目的】在杏麦间作复合群体中,探讨杏麦间作系统的生态效应及小麦生理特性。【方法】以杏树为基点至2行杏树中间位置由近及远分为3个区:冠下区、近冠区和远冠区,对杏麦间作复合群体内风速、土壤地温、土壤水分含量、小麦植株养分及叶绿素含量等生理生态指标变化特点进行研究。【结果】距离杏树越近,小麦生长空间的土壤水分含量越低;杏麦间作田的风速、植株养分均小于小麦单作田。在14:00之前,5 cm土壤地温表现为杏麦间作田大于小麦单作田;在14:00以后,5 cm土壤地温表现为小麦单作田大于杏麦间作田。小麦孕穗期是杏麦争水矛盾突出时期,灌水需及时、量多。间作田不同冠区比较,远冠区小麦叶绿素含量比较大。间作田与单作田相比,间作田小麦存在与杏树争肥矛盾,小麦植株吸收的养分少,小麦植株养分含量也少。【结论】杏麦间作条件下,距离杏树越近,土壤水分含量、小麦叶绿素含量、小麦植株养分含量均越低。单作田小麦生理特性优于间作田。

【Objective】The present study was set to discuss ecological effects and physiological characteristics of wheat of apricot and wheat intercropping system.【Method】The area from Apricot base point to the middle of two rows of apricot trees are divided into three areas：area under the crown,area near crown,area far away from crown.Study on changes in physiological characteristics of ecological indicators in the apricot and wheat intercropping in wind speed,soil temperature,chlorophyll content.【Result】The colser from the distance of the apricot,the lower soil water content in wheat field;The wind speed,plant nutrients in apricot and wheat intercropping field are less than that in wheat monoculture field.Soil temperature under 5 cm for the apricot and wheat intercropping system are less than that in wheat monoculture field before 14：00;soil temperature under 5 cm of wheat monoculture field are higher than that of apricot and wheat intercropping system after 14：00.Wheat booting stage is the obvious contradiction of competition for water between wheat and apricot.Compared with different crown area in intercropping system,the area far away from corwn demands for more chlorophyll content of wheat.Compared with wheat monoculture field and intercropping system,there was a fight for nutrient between wheat plants