“近自然林业”在桉树人工林经营中的应用

Application of "Near-nature Forestry" Theory in Eucalypt Plantation Management

桉树是我国南方重要的战略树种,但由于长期掠夺式经营,桉树人工林出现了地力衰退、病虫害严重、生物多样性下降等一系列生态问题。"近自然林业"强调人与自然的和谐统一与可持续发展观不谋而合,受到众多学者的关注并成为林业经营管理的研究重点。本文通过对"近自然林业"的概念、内涵、发展历程及经营技术要点等进行阐述,结合我国实际,提出一整套桉树人工林近自然经营的措施,包括造林地的选择及规划、适当的人工混交林措施、科学的植被管理等,以期为"近自然林业"理论在热带亚热带速生树种经营的应用提供参考。

Eucalyptus is important strategic tree species in South China,but soil degradation,serious disease and biological diversity declining occured in eucalypt plantations because of long-term unreasonable management.The near-nature forestry emphasizes harmony between humankind and nature which is coincident with the point of sustainable development.Conception,connotation,development and management techniques of near-nature forestry were described in this paper,and a set of methods including selecting and planning for forest land,proper mixed forest and scientific management of vegetation for eucalypt plantation in near-nature management were put forward for references to applying the theory of ＂near-nature forestry＂ in fast growing species management for tropical and subtropical area.