出土战国文献中的语气词“矣”

Yi(矣) in the Unearthed Literatures from Warring States Period

出土战国文献中的"矣"可以作句末语气词,也可以作句中语气词,前者很常见,后者很少见。句末语气词"矣"可以用于陈述句句末,也可以用于感叹句句末,前者很常见,后者很少见。陈述句句末的"矣"可以用于单句、复句、紧缩复句句末,还可以用于复句前一分句句末。不管用于陈述句句末,还是祈使句句末,"矣"都表示出现新情况的语气。句末语气词"矣"还可以和语气词"尔"连用,表示陈述语气。句中语气词"矣"可以用在转折短语、连谓短语之中,有表示停顿的作用,也表示动作实现体。

Yi（矣）was found in the unearthed literatures from Warring States.It appeared either at the end of sentences or in the middle of sentences.The former occurred frequently while the latter rarely occurred.Yi appeared at the end of simple sentences,complex sentences,and contracted complex sentences.Whether it＇s used at the end of declarative or imperative sentences,Yi normally meant there were new situations.Yi could be used together with er（尔）.The mood particle ye（也）also could appear in such places as disjunctive phrase and united phrase.Under these circumstances,Yi meant pause or realization of action.