亚热带集约化对虾养殖池塘水质因子变化规律研究

Main water quality factors in intensive prawn aquaculture pond in subtropical zone

2010年4—7月,对亚热带地区湛江市东海岛的3口集约化凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘的水温、溶解氧、无机氮以及无机磷进行了跟踪监测,相关指标参照《海洋监测规范：海水分析》的方法进行测定。结果表明：在整个养殖过程中,水温为22.54-31.48℃,溶解氧为5.04-9.88 mg/L。氨氮含量表现为养殖前期高、中期低、后期高的变化趋势,变化范围为0.011-0.882 mg/L,均值为0.155 mg/L。硝酸盐含量波动较大,变化范围为0.001-0.811 mg/L,均值为0.193 mg/L。在养殖后期,亚硝酸盐含量有所增加,变化范围为0.005-0.103 mg/L,均值为0.020 mg/L。无机磷含量为0.019-0.235 mg/L,均值为0.066 mg/L。氮磷比（IN/IP）变化范围为0.474-20.575,均值为5.984,小于5.000的时期占整个养殖过程的48%。

From March to July in 2010,a study was conducted to measure temperature,dissolved oxygen,inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphate in three intensive aquaculture ponds of Zhonglian,Guangdong province.The results showed that during the entire culturing progress water temperature and dissolved oxygen content were in the range of 22.54-31.48℃ and 5.04-9.88 mg/L respectively.As for the ammoniac nitrogen,its density was high in both prophase and anaphasis,and low in metaphase,ranging from 0.011 to 0.882 mg/L,with the average of 0.155 mg/L.The content of nitrate had a relatively large fluctuation,varying from 0.001 mg/L to 0.811 mg/L,with the average of 0.193 mg/L.In anaphasis,the nitrite had a higher density in the range of 0.005-0.103 mg/L,with the average of 0.020 mg/L,while there was a slight change in the content of phosphorus,ranging from 0.019 mg/L to 0.235 mg/L,with the average of 0.066 mg/L.The ratio of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphate was from 0.474 to 20.575,with 48% of them lower than 5.000.