哺乳动物胚胎发生发育与表观遗传修饰

Mammal Embryogenesis and Epigenetic Modification

哺乳动物受精过程中染色体构象发生剧烈的变化.来自精子高度凝缩的染色质在卵母细胞胞质环境中解凝缩,与雌性染色质融合,发生基因组重编程共同构建合子基因组,激活胚胎基因组转录,获得发育的全能性,并进一步发育成完整的胚胎.表观遗传调节机制在这一过程中起重要作用,其中主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化及组蛋白替代,这些修饰形式改变了染色体的空间构象以及与转录调节因子的结合模式,调控染色体的活性,进而调节胚胎的发生发育.

During mammalian fertilization,chromosome configuration undergoes drastic changes.Highly condensed sperm chromatin decondenses in the oocyte cytoplasm,then the two sets of genomes from male and female gametes join together,undergo large-scale reprogramming,activate embryonic gene transcription to restore the totipotency and subsequently the zygote develop into a complete embryo.Epigenetic modifications play important roles in this process,which mainly include DNA methylation,histone methylation,histone acetylation and histone replacement that change the conformation of chromosome and the binding patterns of transcription factors to activate or repress gene expression and to regulate embryogenesis and development.