苹果霉心病菌(Alternaria spp)越冬和侵入研究

A STUDY ON THE OVERWINTERING AND PENETRATION OF THE PATHOGENS (ALTERNARIA, SPP) OF MOLDY—CORE OF APPLE

病菌Alternaria spp.是四川省优质苹果产区中引起苹果霉心病的主要病原菌。这些菌能以菌丝在苹果芽鳞、果台、枝梢、病痕、落叶等树体组织内和以分生孢子形式在苹果树体组织表面及苹果芽内鳞片上进行越冬。越冬病菌在开春后可成为苹果霉心病的初侵染来源。病菌侵染时期长,从苹果暴芽至果实萼筒封闭前的整个时期病菌均可侵染苹果花器组织,但以苹果暴芽、现蕾、初花、盛花等时期为主要侵入时期,最早是在暴芽期。病菌是通过芽鳞片、雌蕊、雄蕊及萼口等花器组织进入果心的。

The fungi causing moldy-core of apple in Sichuan province are Alternaria spp. and overwinter with mycelia in the butt scale, the top of a fruit branch, cortex, branch, disease tissues, and fallen leaves of apple, and on the surface of tissues and also overwinter in the bud scale of apple by conidia. When spring comes, the pathogen overwintering in fruit bud will be the first infecting source. The pathogen may infect the flower parts in the Whole process from the bud bursting to the closure of calyx-tube. The main infecting time is at the period of bud btirsting, bud stage, prebloom and full bloom, but the infecting time begins at bud bursting. The pathogen enters into the core of apple fruit through scale, stamen, pistil, or calyx-end.