中方县2002-2009年农村儿童乙肝疫苗接种情况分析

Analysis on Coverage Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Children Born in Rural Areas of Zhongfang County from 2002 and 2009

目的了解乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫后,中方县农村出生儿童乙肝疫苗全程及首针及时接种情况。方法对中方县2002-2009年各年接种率调查资料整理分析。结果中方县农村出生儿童乙肝疫苗年平均全程接种率和年平均首针及时接种率分别为92.55%和77.91%,全程接种率和首针及时接种率分别由2002年的78.18%、59.09%上升至2009年的97.27%、89.54%,呈逐年提高趋势;以丘陵为主的西北县区经济发达的农村乙肝疫苗全程接种率及首针及时接种率显著高于以山地为主的东南县区经济欠发达的农村;在医院出生儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种率及首针及时接种率显著高于在诊所及在家出生儿童。结论该地区农村出生儿童乙肝疫苗接种呈逐年上升趋势。针对孕产妇等重点人群开展健康教育,提高住院分娩率,加强对开展产科服务的医疗机构的监管,是提高农村地区出生儿童的乙肝疫苗接种率的有效措施。

Objective To evaluate the full immunization and the first timely inoculation coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in rural areas of Zhongfang County since it has been put into the immunization program. Methods The data of the coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccine among the rural children of Zhongfang County during the period of 2002～2009 were collected and analyzed. Results Of the children born in rural areas of Zhongfang County,the annual average full immunization coverage rate and first timely inoculation coverage rate were 92.59% and 77.91%,respectively.The full immunization coverage rate and the first timely inoculation coverage rate went up to 97.27% and 89.54% in 2009 from 78.18% and 59.09% in 2002,which showed an increasing trend.The full immunization coverage rate and the first timely inoculation coverage rate in the Northwest hills-based developed rural areas were both significantly higher than those of the Southeast mountain-based underdeveloped rural areas.The first timely inoculation coverage rate in the children born in hospitals was significantly higher than that in the children born in clinics and born at homes. Conclusions The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine of children born in rural areas of Zhongfang County was increased yearly.Enhancing health education among the maternal and other key populations,increasing institutional delivery,and strengthening the supervision on obstetric services of medical institutions are the effective measures to improve the hepatitis B coverage rate of the children born in rural areas.