气孔在葱莲不同器官分布的初步研究

The Distribution of Stomata on the Different Organs of Zephyranthes candida

以新鲜葱莲植株为材料,用光学显微镜对其花、花茎、鳞茎、叶、果实、种子和根等部位的表皮进行研究,对花瓣上表皮、花瓣下表皮、花茎的表皮、外果皮、叶近轴面和叶远轴面气孔指数、气孔密度和保卫细胞面积分别进行比较,并分别对花瓣和叶的气孔密度与保卫细胞面积进行相关性分析。结果表明,只有根上未见到有气孔分布。除了在葱莲的叶和花茎等常规部位发现有气孔分布外,花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊、子房、花梗、花茎、鳞片、果实和种子上均有气孔分布。气孔呈半月形,无副卫细胞。葱莲叶片近轴面的气孔指数和气孔密度显著大于远轴面(P<0.05)。花茎和叶上的气孔指数和气孔密度显著大于花瓣和果实(P<0.05)。外果皮的气孔指数和气孔密度最小。叶远轴面的保卫细胞面积最大(P<0.01),花瓣下表皮的保卫细胞面积最小(P<0.01)。花瓣的气孔密度和保卫细胞面积之间的相关性不显著(r=0.089,P>0.05),而叶片的气孔密度和保卫细胞面积呈极显著负相关(r=-0.535,P<0.01)。

The epidermis of flowers,scape,bulb,leaves,fruits,seeds and roots of Zephyranthes candida plants were investigated under light microscope.The stomatal index,stomatal density,guard cell length and width of the upper and lower petal surface,epidermis of scape,exocarp and adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis were compared.The relevances between stomatal density and guard cell area on the petal and leaf were analyzed respectively.The results show that there are stomata in the surface of petal,stamen,pistil,ovary,peduncle,scape,bulb scale,fruit and seed besides the conventional parts such as leaves and stems.But the stomata are absent from the root.The stomata are kidney-shaped and not rounded by subsidiary cells.The stomatal index and stomatal density on the adaxial leaf epidermis are significantly greater than on the abaxial（P0.05）.The stomatal index and stomatal density on the scape and leaf are significantly greater than on the petal and fruit（P0.05）.The stomatal index and stomatal density reach minimum on the exocarp.The guard cell area is largest on the abaxial leaf epidermis（P0.01）,but smallest on the lower petal surface（P0.01）.There is no significant correlation between the stomatal density and guard cell area on the petal（γ=0.089,P0.05）.An extremely significant negative correlation is observed between the stomatal density and guard cell area on the leaf（γ=-0.535,P0.01）.