我国三种野生泥鳅遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Genetic diversity in Chinese loach species analyzed by microsatellite DNA markers

本研究采用5个微卫星分子标记技术对我国黑龙江泥鳅（M.mohoity）、北方泥鳅（M.bipartitus）、泥鳅（M.anguillicaudatus）进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,三种泥鳅的5个微卫星基因座共检测到等位基因数27个,微卫星基因座的等位基因数范围为3~7个。5个微卫星基因座在三种泥鳅的多态信息含量都达到了高度多态的水平,平均PIC值在0.526~0.722之间,说明三种泥鳅具有丰富的遗传多样性。黑龙江泥鳅、北方泥鳅和泥鳅的观测杂合度Ho分别为0.978,0.889和0.742,期望杂合度He分别为0.683、0.781、0.721。三种泥鳅的遗传距离为0.189~0.559,泥鳅和北方泥鳅群体间遗传距离最小为0.189,亲缘关系较近,而泥鳅和黑龙江泥鳅群体间遗传距离最大为0.559,亲缘关系较远。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验P值。得出所有个体在5个微卫星位点上都无偏离现象。聚类结果显示黑龙江泥鳅、北方泥鳅、泥鳅群体分为二支,泥鳅和北方泥鳅聚为一类,之后两者再与黑龙江泥鳅聚为一类。

Intraspecific genetic diversity and intraspecific relationship were analyzed in loach species,Misgurnus mohoity,Misgurnus bipartitus and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.Five loci were polymorphic in these species and a total 27 alleles were found.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 7.The loci was highly polymorphic and PIC was 0.526-0.722.Thus,these loach species had high genetic variability.In M.mohoity,M.bipartitus and M.anguillicaudatus,the observed heterozygosity（H0） was 0.978,0.889 and 0.742,and the expected heterozygosity（He） was 0.683,0.781 and 0.721,respectively.The genetic distance of three species of loach was 0.189-0.559.The minimum genetic distance（0.189） was between M.anguillicaudatus and M.bipartitus,which showed two species had a close relationship.The genetic distance between M.anguillicaudatus and M.mohoity was maximum（0.559）,which showed they had a distant relationship. Ho and He heterozygosity values showed that 5 microsatellite loci examined didn＇t deviate from H-W equilibrium.The cluster analysis showed that M.mohoity,M.bipartitus and M.anguillicaudatus were clusteredinto two clades.M.anguillicaudatus and M.bipartitus were clusted,then grouped with M.mohoity.