川西南黄连土宜研究

RESEARCHES OF SUITABLE SOIL CONDITIONS FOR COPTIS CHINENSIS IN SOUTHWEST SICHUAN

川西南味连主要生长在海拔1200—1900米的山地黄壤和黄棕壤带,雅连主要生长在海拔1800—2200米的山地黄棕壤上,其土壤的特点是:土体深厚且夹有砾石,表层孔度大,多具有上粗下粘的质地层次组合;呈酸性或微酸性反应;有机质丰富,氮、钾充足,有效磷缺乏,有效硼极低。黄连生长的最适土壤条件是土层深厚,有机质层15厘米左右,具有上壤下粘的质地层次组合,良好的地形排水和磷、钾、锰、硼、铜素等充足而协调的供应。

Coptis chinensis Franch is mainly cultivated on mountain yollow soils and mountain brown soils distributed in the altitude from 1200 to 1900 metres and most of Coptis deltoidea C. Y. cheng et Hsiao on mountain yollow brown soils distributed form 1800 to 2200 metres. The main properties of the two soils are: (1)that soil horizons are 80 to 100 cm thick with below 26% gravels (>3mm), (2)that the texture of surface layer is clay loam or loam clay and its bulk density is 0.44 to 0.68 g/cm^3, (8)that pH values of surface soils dre 5.1 to 6.7, (4)that the two soils have rich organic matter(9.4+1.9%), but aeficient in available phosphorous(3.84±3.0ppm), copper(1.5±1.6ppm)and boron(0.16+0.23ppm). The resttlt of the researches showed that the optimal soil conditions for these herb plants should be thick soils, about 15cm thick humus horizon, clay loam texture for the surface soils, clay for the subsurface soils, good drainage, sufficient in available phosphorus, potassium, manganese, boron and copper and suitable proportion of other soil nutrients.