神舟七号航天员出舱活动总体设计与飞行实践

The system design and flight application of astronaut EVA in Shenzhou Ⅶ mission

航天员出舱活动总体设计,是决定任务的关键技术之一。围绕人、服、舱、失重和真空环境,解决复杂系统人机环境的医学工程难题,制定系统总体方案,实施医学综合防护,确保我国航天员穿着专门研制的"飞天"舱外航天服,安全、健康和高效地完成首次出舱活动任务,突破出舱活动技术。着重介绍航天员出舱活动任务分析、总体设计、出舱活动方案设计、系统集成与验证和飞行验证结果。

Astronaut extravehicular activity （EVA） system design and integration is a key project of Shenzhou VII mission. The system engineering methodology and the medical-engineering integration thought are applied to the project of complex manmachine-environment system. The system scheme is contrived to comprehensive of astronauts, spacesuit, spaceship air-lock, weightlessness, and vacuum. Furthermore, systematic medical measues have been taken to prevent medical problems during EVA. As well, the system design and preventative measues are verified through a series of proof tests. Astronauts trained have successfully finished the first EVA mission, wearing Feitian spacesuit. And technology of EVA has been broken through. This paper summarizes tasks, technical requirements and design principle of astronaut EVA system for Shenzhou VII mission. And a scheme of the system including functions, configuration, task disintegrating, and running mode is discribed. The flight crewmember selection and training, astronaut medical monitoring and support is demonstrated. Feitian spacesuit structure, function and performance are summarized. The system integration and proof tests are depicted. The result of the project application in EVA of Shenzhou VII mission is also presented. In conclusion, the system design is exactitude and legitimacy, as well as the innovations on the system design is mentioned.