载人航天器的安全防火

Fire Safety Concerns in Spacecraft

安全防火是载人航天必须妥善解决的最重要问题之一,它可能影响飞行任务的成败和威胁航天员的身体健康和生命安全。载人航天器舱内有氧气,可燃物及潜在点火源,具备了着火的三个基本要素,存在着失火的潜在危险。因此,如果处理不当就可能失火!简要评述载人航天器的火灾事故,美国国家航空航天局载人航天器选用非金属材料规范,载人航天器舱内非金属材料元部件研制程序,载人航天器舱内着火监测和早期报警装置等概况。着重强调:实施载人航天计划时,必须认真、优先考虑安全防火工作,并切实予以安排和落实,确保载人航天计划顺利展开并安全可靠地完成飞行任务。

Fire Safety is one of the most important issues which must be properly settled for spacecraft. It might affect the success of the human space flight missions and the health and life of the astronauts.There are oxygen, flammable materials and potential igniters in the spacecraft modules, that are the three fundamental elements for fire. There exists the potential fire and might result in fire hazards.There are indeed several fires in the human spaceflight missions and seri- ous losses.The paper reviews briefly the fire hazards in the early space flights, the criteria for spacecraft materials of NASA, and the fire detection devices etc.The paper emphasizes that fire safety has always had a top priority in the planning and operation of human space flight missions.