荷兰兰斯塔德地区城市网络的形成与发展

The Development of Urban Networks in Randstad Holland

信息化、全球化与网络化的时代背景下,城市网络或者网络城市成为新的城市空间发展模式。城市网络是在互补或相似的城市中心之间形成的主要是水平和非层级性的联系和流动的网络体系,它可以提供专业化分工的经济性,以及协作、整合与创新的外部性。城市网络具备多中心空间结构、紧密分工与合作的网络联系,以及网络化的管治结构与模式等特点。荷兰兰斯塔德地区是城市网络的典型代表,本文作为案例研究,将系统全面地介绍该地区多中心空间结构的形成与发展以及多中心之间的分工与合作网络,期望对中国的城市空间发展有所启示。

Urban networks or network cites are becoming the new urban spatial development paradigm under the background of informationalization,globalization and networking.City networks are systems of relationships and flows,of a mainly horizontal and non-hierarchical nature,among complementary or similar centers,providing externalities or economies,respectively,of specialization/complementarity/spatial division of labor and of synergy/cooperation/innovation.Urban networks are characterized by polycentric spatial structure,intensive division and cooperation network linkages,and network governance.As a classic example of urban networks,Randstad Holland is made up of specialized and complementary urban centers,which are similar in scale.These centers are well connected through infrastructure and coordinated by institutions.Thus they form an independent but closely related unity of the region.As a case study,this paper analyzes the development of polycentric spatial structure in Randstad,and then explores the division and cooperation networks among these centers.The successful experiences from Randstad in developing urban networks can be learned to guide the urban spatial development in China.