农村合作医疗制度变迁下的政府责任研究

A Study on Responsibility of Government under the Change of Rural Cooperative Medical System

20世纪50-70年代，我国在广大农村建立起合作医疗制度，在较短的时间内为绝大多数农村居民提供了基本的医疗保障。而随着经济体制的转轨和国家政策的偏差，依赖集体经济的传统合作医疗制度在80年代迅速解体，使广大农村居民丧失了基本医疗卫生保障，导致了社会保障功能的缺失和社会福利的降低。重建农村合作医疗制度面临很多现实问题，而政府决策的影响将起到决定性作用。本文通过制度经济学等理论工具研究合作医疗制度变迁过程中的政府行为和主要责任，并提出相应对策，希望对政府在推行新型农村合作医疗制度的过程中提供有益的政策参考。

From 1950s to 1970s, the cooperative medical system has been set up in rural districts of China and provided a basic medical ensure for most rural residents in a very short time. However, with the economic system reformed and the state＇s health-policy changed, the traditional cooperative medical system which relied on collective economy was rapidly disintegrated in 1980s, making most rural residents lose their basic medical ensure and leading to the loss of social security function as well as the lowering of social welfare. Reconstruction of rural cooperative medical system faces many practical problems, and the impact of government decisions will play a decisive role. This paper uses many theory tools like Institutional Economics to research the government actions and main responsibilities through the institutional transition process of cooperative medical system and to put forward corresponding countermeasures, expecting to provide useful reference policy of the new rural cooperative medical system＇s implementation for the government.