城市自然保护的内涵、历程与策略研究

Review on Ideas,Historical Process and Strategy of Urban Natural Conservation

城市自然保护对城市生态安全、城市居民健康具有极其重要的意义,城市自然保护是对城市自然景观及其生态系统结构功能的维持与重建,以投入少、自维持、按自然规律演替、保育生物、保护再生自然资源为特点,其实质是通过人的思想、行为、意志,调节城市人与自然之间的关系。生物多样性及物种的栖息地、城市自然景色、城市自然空间连贯性、绿文化遗产是城市自然保护的4项主要内容,城市绿色空间的保护、珍稀濒危物种及其栖息地的保护、城市生态安全格局保护是城市自然保护的三个主要阶段,世界主要国家在城市自然保护的策略上各有特点,我国城市自然保护是以绿地系统建设促进城市自然保护,与城市自然保护的实际要求还有一定的距离,加强城市自然保护规划与管理是目前最迫切的任务。

It＇s very important for urban natural conservation to maintain urban ecological safety and healthy life of citizens. Urban natural conservation is the maintaining and recovery of urban natural landscape and structure and function of natural ecological system, its characters are low input, maintaining self, natural evolution, protection of plants and creatures, renewable natural resources. There are four contents for urban natural conservation：biodiversity and creature habitats, urban natural scenic features, urban natural space continuity, and green cultural heritage. And the historical process of urban natural protection can be divided into three strategies： urban green space conservation, protection of rare or endangered species and habitats, protection of urban ecological safety pattern. Different countries have different strategies of urban natural protection. Urban natural conservation has been replaced by urban green space system construction in China.