1996-2008年云南省西畴县甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemiology of hepatitis A in Xichou county in Yunnan province,1996-2008

目的了解1996-2008年云南省西畴县甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）流行情况,采取有针对性的预防措施,为甲肝防治工作提供参考依据。方法对1996-2008年西畴县疾病预防控制中心的甲肝病例报告数据进行流行病学分析。结果 1996-2008年西畴县共报告甲肝779例。1999年发病率最高,为101.03/10万,2006年发病率最低,为4.39/10万,年均发病率为31.42/10万。1996年、1999年西畴县甲肝发病出现以县城为中心的点状暴发,从2000年起呈总体下降趋势,但有小幅波动。13年间地区发病最高为1999年的西洒镇,发病率达485.98/10万,发病数居前3位的职业是学生、农民、幼托及散居儿童,发病年龄主要集中在10-25岁,占总病例数的60.00%。男女甲肝发病比为1.42∶1。结论自2000年以后,西畴县加大了甲肝疫苗的接种力度,县城进行饮用水改造及消毒,甲肝发病呈总体下降趋势,发病率由2000年的31.92/10万下降到2005年的6.41/10万。应加强对重点人群、重点年龄组和易感人群的保护,进一步提高甲肝疫苗接种率。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Xichou and provide evidence for the targeted prevention and control.Methods The epidemiological analysis was conducted on data of hepatitis A cases reported by Xichou CDC from 1996 to 20008.Results A total of 779 cases of hepatitis A were reported during this period,the average annual incidence was 31.42/lakh.The incidence was highest in 1999（101.03/lakh） and lowest in 2006（4.39/lakh）.In 1999,hepatitis A outbreak occurred in county town,the incidence of the disease began to decline in 2000,but little rise and fall was observed in the following years.During this period,the incidence in Xisa township in 1999 was highest（485.98/lakh）.The populations affected mostly were students,farmers and children in or outside child care settings.The majority of the cases were distributed in age group of 10-25 years,accounting for 60.00%.The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.42∶1.Conclusion As the result of strengthened hepatitis A vaccination and drinking water disinfection since 2000,the overall incidence of hepatitis A in Xichou declined from 31.92/lakh in 2000 to 6.41/lakh in 2005.It is necessary to increase the coverage of hepatitis A vaccination to protect the susceptible population.