欧美林业生物灾害预警现状

Current Early Warning Systems of Forest Bio-hazard in America and Europe

介绍了欧美国家在森林生物灾害预警方面的研究成果和所采取的措施。美国的森林病虫害预警系统是由一些合作机构和子系统组成的一个网络,由潜在威胁的鉴定、真实威胁的检测、评价影响和响应4个关键步骤组成。加拿大食品检验局建立了基于互联网的植物健康预警系统,在森林病虫害预测方面,一个通用的软件包BioSIM已获得加拿大林务局的认可。欧洲和地中海植物保护组织针对外来有害生物通过贸易途径侵入方面建立了数据库EUROPHYT,各成员国还有各具特色的预警措施。

Achievements and measures adopted on early warning system（EWS） of forest bio - hazards in America and Europe were introduced.In the USA,the EWS is really a network consisting of some collaborating institutes and some subsystems.Four steps are included into the network：1） identify potential threats; 2） detect actual threats;3） assess impacts;4） respond.The Canadian Food Inspection Agency（CFIA） has set up a Plant Health Early Warning System（PHEWS） which is available on Internet.A generic software,BioSIM,has been developed for use in forecasting events in the seasonal biology of insect pests. Now,BioSIM is available for licence from Canadian Forest Service（CFS）.European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization has established a web based database,EUROPHYT,to improve the exchange of official information between plant health services of the EU Member States and the European Commission. The EU Members also have their own distinct early warning system of forest pests.