我国矿区土地复垦保证金类型及形式初步设计

Preliminary Design of the Types and Forms of Mine Land reclamation Bonds in China

我国矿区土地复垦保证金的类型和形式单一,直接影响了保证金制度的激励强度和效果。对中美矿区土地复垦保证金的类型及形式进行了对比分析,在此基础上对我国矿区土地复垦保证金的类型与形式进行了初步设计:小矿山适用全程保证金,中等矿山适用增量型保证金,大型及特大型矿山适用累积型保证金。矿区土地复垦保证金制度实施的初期阶段由矿山企业直接向管理机关提供现金形式的保证金;成熟阶段由银行、保险公司等金融机构向管理机关提供非现金形式的复垦担保;中期阶段则不同形式的保证金和两种担保渠道并存。

The types and forms of mine land reclamation bonds in China is very simplex. This affects the prompting intensity and effect of land reclamation bonds system directly. The contrast analysis of the types and forms of mine land reclamation bonds between the U. S. and China are made in this paper. The preliminary design the types and forms of land reclamation bonds for china＇s mines is made. Bonds for permit area are applied to small mines. Incremental bonds are applied to medium mines. Cumulative bonds are applied to large or super mines. In the initial stage of the implementation of land reclamation performance bonds system,the mines provide cash bond directly to the regulatory authority. In the mature stage,the financial institutions such as bank or insurance companies provide reclamation surety to the regulatory authority in non-cash form. In the middle stage,different forms of bonds and the two assurance channels exists at the same time.