早产儿宫外生长发育迟缓77例临床分析

Clinical analysis of extrauterine growth retardation in 77 cases of premature infants

目的探讨早产儿发生宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)与胎龄、出生体重的关系及危险因素分析,为制定预防早产儿发生EUGR的策略提供临床依据。方法对2009年1月至12月本院NICU收治的77例胎龄<37周早产儿,根据不同胎龄、不同体重的早产儿进行体重监测,比较他们住院期间EUGR的发生率并对相关危险因素进行分析。结果体重≤1500 g的早产儿组EUGR发生率为71.4%,体重>1500 g的早产儿组EUGR发生率44.9%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄<34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为66.3%,胎龄≥34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为37.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)、感染是发生EUGR的危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论胎龄及出生体重越小,发生EUGR的可能性越大。导致EUGR的因素是多重的,其中IUGR及感染对EUGR影响最大,应积极预防及治疗并发症,重视早产儿早期营养是避免EUGR的关键。

Objective To study the relationship between gestational age and birth weight with extrauterine growth retardation（EUGR）and the risk factors of EUGR in premature infants.To provide clinical basis for preventing occurrence of EUGR.Methods Low birth weight preterm infants admitted in our NICU from January 2009 to December 2009 were reviewed,weight premature children were monitored during hospitalization.Compare their incidence of EUGR and analysis of related risk factors.Results The incidence of EUGR in weight less than equal to 1500 g group was 71.4%,the incidence of EUGR in weight greater than 1500 g group was 44.9%,the difference was significance（P0.05）.The incidence of EUGR in less than 34 weeks gestational age group was 66.3%,the incidence of EUGR in the greater than or equal 34 weeks gestational age group was 37.5%,the difference was significance（P0.01）.It was showed that risk factor related to EUGR were IUGR and infection.Conclusion EUGR is closely related to gestational age and birth weight.The cause of EUGR are multi-facorial,so we should prevent and treat complications actively,early attention to nutrition is the key to avoiding EUGR.