基于租金的北京城市办公活动经济空间结构解析

Spatial Analysis on Urban Internal Economic Spatial Structure Based on Rent of Office Buildings in Beijing City

以北京市中心城区的6个行政区1037个写字楼实测点位数据和租金属性数据为基础,运用空间自相关和克里格插值等空间分析方法,与北京市基准地价的综合地价进行比较分析,研究北京办公活动的经济空间结构。研究结果表明,北京城区写字楼租金大体呈同心环状分布,与基准地价的综合地价在空间分布态势上基本吻合,并在一定程度上映射出北京城市经济空间结构特征,即总体上呈现同心环状向心集聚,并沿交通干道和对外放射状道路延伸。北京城区写字楼租金的空间分布"高高"模式在办公集聚区和交通主干道附近呈现明显的集中分布态势,说明北京目前办公活动的空间趋势仍然以向心集聚为主,区位与交通条件是影响写字楼租金的重要因素。写字楼租金的空间偏向差异显著,"高高"聚集区主要位于北城,而"低低"模式在南城集聚明显,城区内存在明显的空间差异性,揭示了北京城市内部经济格局失衡现象依旧显著。历史惯性、规划引导、事件推动以及办公活动自身对交通和区位条件的要求是导致北京城市办公活动经济空间结构现状特征形成与发展的主要原因。基于此,租金作为办公活动区位选择的主要因素以及衡量地价和经济发展程度的重要指标,间接影响着城市内部经济空间结构的形成与发展。

Based on the site data and rent attribute data of 1 037 office buildings in Beijing City surveyed in July,2009,this paper used the spatial autocorrelation and ordinary Kriging methods to study the relationship between rent and economic spatial structures.Specially,this study tries to investigate the trend of unknown office rent according to the known office rent.The results could be concluded as the following.First,the spatial distribution pattern of office rent presents concentric ring,and coincident with the spatial distribution pattern of standard land price in Beijing.To some extends,these patterns reflex the characteristics of Beijing′s urban economic spatial structure,and generally show a concentric ring to the center concentration and along trunk roads and radial roads outside the extension.Meanwhile,there are obvious spatial differences in the city.Second,High-High pattern of office rent spatial distribution is mainly in the office gathering area and near the trunk road and the situation becomes apparent in the concentration distribution,which description Beijing office space to the current trend continues to gather mainly to the heart,location and traffic conditions are important factors affecting office rents.At the same time,office space for rent shows significantly different bias.High-High patterns spot areas chiefly cluster in the northern city of Beijing,and Low-Low patterns spot areas chiefly cluster in the southern city of Beijing,which reveal the internal economic structure of Beijing City is still a significant imbalance.Third,historical inertia,planning guide and events promotion are the principal reasons for leading to the formation and development of the office activities of urban economic spatial structure in Beijing City.And transportation and location conditions also are the main reasons for the formation and development of the office activities of urban economic spatial structure in Beijing City.Therefore,rent is both the main factor of location selection of the office activities and the important index about weighting land-value and economic development degree,and affects indirectly the structure of urban economic space within the formation and development.According to the Kriging method,drawing the unknown office buildings rent distribution trend from the existing office buildings rent,Datun area,Jiangtai area,Cuigezhuang and Dongba area maybe the new higher office buildings rent areas.Spatial analysis method brings the ＂location＂ into the rent study,a kind of economic phenomenon,which will help us to get deeper insight into the problem of urban economic spatial structure and find the better targeting possibilities for planning and policy-makers.