花前及花期气温对四季蜜杧反季节坐果的影响

Temperature Influences during Pre-flowering and Flowering on Off-season Fruit Setting of Sijimi-Mango

[目的]在反季节栽培条件下,探索四季蜜杧开花时期、花前及花期气温与坐果的关系。[方法]采用田间跟踪法调查四季蜜杧的开花时期、坐果数,利用生物学统计方法分析开花时期、花前及花期气温对坐果率的影响。[结果]①花期2009年7月4日至8月4日时,花穗平均坐果数为1.77个。②小花开放前1～5 d的平均最高气温、平均最低气温、平均气温分别与花穗坐果数呈极显著、显著、显著直线负相关;小花开放前1～10 d的平均最高气温、平均气温与花穗坐果数呈显著直线负相关,平均最低气温与花穗坐果数关系不显著。③始花日至盛花日期间的平均最低气温、平均气温分别与花穗坐果数呈极显著、显著直线负相关,平均最高气温与花穗坐果数关系不显著;始花日至终花日期间平均最高气温、平均最低气温与花穗坐果数呈极显著、显著直线负相关,平均气温与花穗坐果数关系不显著。[结论]反季节四季蜜杧花穗平均坐果数均随花前1～5 d、1～10 d以及始花至盛花期、始花至终花期温度的升高而降低;对于整个花期,平均最高气温对花穗坐果数的影响最大。

[Objective] Under the condition of off-season cultivating of Sijimi-Mango,the effect of the flowering stage,the temperature during pre-flowering and flowering on the fruit setting rate were studied.[Method] Flowering date and fruit setting number were determined by tracking investigation,the relationship between fruit setting and the flowering stage,between fruit setting and the temperature during pre-flowering and flowering were analyzed by correlation analysis.[Result] ①The number of setting fruits were 1.77 on average per cluster of flower when its bloom stage was from 4th July to 4th August.② Within 1-5 days before blossoming,there were highly significantly,significantly,significantly negative linear correlations between fruit setting and the mean highest temperature（MHT）,the mean lowest temperature（MLT）,the average temperature（AT） respectively;within 1-10 days before blossoming,there were significantly negative linear correlations between fruit setting and MHT,AT;No significant relation between fruit setting and MLT.③From the initial blooming date to the full blooming date,fruit setting got significant negative linear correlation with MLT,and AT,except MHT;From the initial blooming date to the final blooming date,fruit setting had significant negative linear correlation with MHT,and MLT,except AT.[Conclusion] Average number of fruit setting decreased with the increasing of the temperature during the period within 1-5 days and 1-10 days before blossoming,from the initial blooming date to the full blooming date,and from the initial blooming date to the final blooming date,and the temperature that most affected the fruit setting number was MHT.