石棉脐橙落花落果规律的研究

Research on the Law of the Shimian Navel Oranges′ Flower and Fruit-dropping

[目的]为摸清落花落果规律,2008～2009年对石棉脐橙的落花落果进行了观察。[方法]每天统计落花落果的数量,分别计算落蕾落花、第1次生理落果和第2次生理落果率,稳果后,每隔1～15 d调查统计脐黄、裂果造成的落果数量。[结果]不同年份石棉脐橙落蕾落花的开始时间和高峰期不同,落蕾落花高峰期一般出现在落蕾落花开始后的4～5 d,2008年集中在4月中旬,2009年在3月下旬末和4月上旬初;4月21日开始第1次生理落果,于5月下旬结束,持续32 d左右,5月上旬出现落果高峰;第1次生理落果开始后15～20d,于5月中旬出现第2次生理落果,5月下旬出现落果高峰期,不同年份落果持续时间有别。[结论]石棉脐橙落蕾落花率93.4%,第1次生理落果率5.8%,第2次生理落果率0.8%,坐果率为0.48%、脐黄率为57.6%、裂果率为18.5%。

[Objective] The law of shimian navel oranges′ flower and fruit-dropping was found out through the observation in 2008 and 2009.[Method] The number of bud and flower-dropping,the first and second physiological fruit-dropping was recorded daily and the number of fruit-dropping caused by navel yellow or cracking fruit was calculated in the interval of 15 days after its fruiting stage.[Results] The start time and the peak of shimian navel oranges′ flower and fruit-dropping was different in different years.The peak of shimian navel oranges′ bud and flower-dropping usually appeared in the 4-5 day after its dropping and in 2008,it was concentrated in the middle of April and in 2009,in the last ten-day of March and the early of April.The first physiological fruit-dropping lasted for 32 days from April 21 to late May,which peak was in early May.The 2nd physiological fruit-dropping appeared in the middle May when it was the 15th～20th day after the first physiological fruit-dropping,which peak occurred in late May.The duration of fruit-dropping was different in different years.[Conclusion] The bud and flower-dropping rate was 93.4%,the first physiological fruit-dropping rate was 5.8%,the 2nd physiological fruit-dropping rate was 0.8%;and the rate of fruit-setting was 0.48%,the rate of navel yellow was 57.6%,the rate of cracking fruit was 18.5%.