青藏高原气候变化适应的生态保护

Ecological Protection of Climate Change Adaptation in Tibet Plateau

在全球气候变暖的大背景下,青藏高原年平均气温变化总体呈上升趋势,降水呈增加趋势,最大可能蒸散以减少趋势为主,干燥度以降低趋势为主,由此可知,青藏高原大部分地区的气候呈现向暖湿方向发展的趋势。气候变化导致青藏高原地区出现冰川和冻土融化、土地荒漠化、草地退化、水资源日渐减少、生物多样性减少等生态退化现象。根据气候变化出现的问题,提出加强对冰川融水的利用、采用生物和工程措施开展天然草地改良和人工草地建设、实施人工降雨、建立自然保护区等适应气候变化的生态保护措施与建议。

Under the big background of global climate warming,in Tibetan Plateau,the overall trend of annual average temperature change was rising and the precipitation showed an increasing trend,the maximum potential evapotranspiration presented a decreasing trend and the degree of dryness mainly in decreasing trend.It can be seen that the climate presented the development tendency of warm and wet direction in recent 50 years in Tibetan Plateau.Climate change would result in ecological degeneration,such as the melting of iceberg and frozen soil,land desertification,grassland degradation,a gradual decrease of water resources and the decrease of biological diversity and so on.According to the questions of climate change,this paper put forward some ecological conservation measures and suggestions what can adopt to climate change,such as,the countermeasures for enhancing the utilization of glacial melt water,engineering and biological measures,developing the improvement of natural grassland and the establishment of man-made grassland,carrying out artificial precipitation and building up nature reserves and so on.