自动与人工气象观测要素的差异及原因分析

Variance and Cause Analysis between Automatic and Artificial Meteorological Observation Factors

通过对德州市8个国家一般气象站人工站与自动站平行观测2年的资料分析表明,自动站资料能很好地替代人工站,但二者存在一定的误差,全市人工观测平均气温、平均相对湿度比自动站偏高;人工观测降水量、平均风速比自动站偏小;夏季人工观测地温比自动站偏高,受积雪覆盖影响,冬季人工观测地温比自动站明显偏低。自动站仪器检修校准时,要注意对比人工站与自动站在检修校准前后的观测误差值,避免因仪器检修校准调整出新的观测误差,影响资料的连续性和气候变化分析应用。

Through analyzing 2 years parallel observation data from artificial and automatic meteorological stations in 8 countries of Dezhou City,it indicated that automatic station data can replaced artificial station well,but there was certain error,in whole city,the average temperature and average relative humidity of artificial observation were higher than these of automatic station;the precipitation and average wind speed of artificial observation were lower than these of automatic station;in spring,ground temperature of artificial observation was higher than that of automatic station;according to the influence of snow coverage,ground temperature of artificial observation was lower than that of automatic station obviously in spring.When overhauling and correcting the instrument,the comparison on the observation error before and after the overhaul and calibration between artificial observation and automatic station should be noted,in order to avoid the influence of the new observation error caused by the modulation of instrument overhaul and correct on the continuity of data and the analysis and application of climate change.